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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;">
<font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this could be used to teach about Unix file system<br></font></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2"><br>
</font></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">* Linux File System</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Every
thing is file on linux and if there is something that is not</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">file
is process.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Open
file manger in you your home/usr directory</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">click
the up arrow and go up to the top level that is up to the single</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">/
which is called as the root directory or root partition where all</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">other
folder are located under root partition.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Linux
file manger shows following directories -- more often than not</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">basic
directories are as following.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">these
might vary according to different linux distributions +</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">additional
ones also may be there.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
bin (stands for binary)</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is the directory where some applications, some programs, some</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">scripts
that are accessible to all users will be located. For</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">example
there is a common command ls. that little program is located in</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">bin
directory.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Goto
*bin* directory -- and check for ls</font></font></font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">SO
bin directory contains some programs that are accessible to all users</font></font></font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
dev (devices)</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is a virtual directory meaning ther is no real sub folders</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">generally
speaking in this *dev* directory because linux treats every</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">thing
as files and folders. When you first boot up your linux</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">distribution,
it start detecting your hardware. it will place</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">folders
and files representing hardware in the dev directory. As</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">soon
ad the hardware are detected there will be nodes (pointers)created
and</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">todays
distribution have another folder called udev also to</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">handle
the hardwares.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Nodes
are the virtual nodes that represent the hardware that re</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">detected
by the linux distribution.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
etc</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">This
is where your configurations files will be stored. Lot of</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">applications
that are run at the command line will store the</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">configurations
as the text files, But configuration setting will be</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">located
generally in the *etc* directory.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">etc
directory will also have sub directories for the</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">initializations,
run levels(later) , single user mode or multiuser mode -</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">these
kind of scripts or configurations files will be located in</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">the
etc directory.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
home</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">This
is the default directory where user sub directories will be</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">created.
</font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
lib ( library or libraries )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is where shared libraries are stored.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">e.g
perl, python,c those tools are used by many applications on</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">linux
which uses libraries are they share those libraries, and</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">those
share libraries are located in this lib directories.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">lib
directories also contain kernel modules </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
mnt ( mount )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">in
linux hard drives, floppy drives and cd-drives are mounted,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">terminus
use meaning they are plugged in to the directory</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">structure
and the way it works is you create a folder or a</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">location
for your say cdrom and that will be for example</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">/mnt/cdrom
directory this is like your node or pointer your</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">location
for the cdrom. The when you actually connect the cdrom</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">when
linux detects it on boot if it is setup. What linux will do is</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">it
will connect the CDROM drive and connect to that locations .</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Then
when you had put the cd the contents of the cdrom will be</font></font></font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">visible
at /mnt/cdrom directory.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Similarly
for floppy, usb memory stick and others ...</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Exercise
: put in your USB-DRIVE and watch what happens at the</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">desktop.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">This
would mean that you can create your mount points for whatever</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">you
want. This is why linux is so much superior to windows.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">windows
is based on the drives and linux is on single file system</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">and
you can plug the drives where ever you want</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">Exercise:
mkdir tempdir - and use mnt command to mount some of the drives to</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">that
particular directory</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is so transparent where are the locations of the files even</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">you
can locate the drives remotely. just a file will be enough to</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">mount
the drives wherever they are provided you are linked.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
proc ( processes )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">another
virtual directory which contains information about your</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">system
, you can see information about your processes that are running on</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">your
system, pci bus information, PCI-ISA Slots. every thing about</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">the
hard ware and how the system is going to be is contained in</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
virtual directory.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
root</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is the default home directory for the root user. root user</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">administrators
entire system this directory is not home/root</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">it
is root. </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
sbin (secure binary)</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is where certain programs information are located where</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">administrator
level privileges are required.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">these
are programs and applications where normal user would not be</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">using.
E.g *fdisk* - this may not required by every user , only</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">administrator
should know about this application.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
tmp ( temporary )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">temporary
log , unpack peice of source code and move later ....</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
usr ( unix system resources )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">contains
lot of sub directories in it. </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">this
is where shared data and shared libraries shared binaries (</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">meaning
applications ) will be located. because unix has networking </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">usr
will have shared data in it - but not the host specific </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">but
exceptions are ther elike /usr/local/ wher you put the local</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">data
</font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">some
times when you install an application after having linux</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">installed
that will install in the local subdirectory by default.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">check
out /usr/doc -where documentation is located. ( many not be</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">installed
by default )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
var (variables- files of variable data )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">log,
files that are held data bases or websites or apache web</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">server
is set up to manage its bas file location, variable</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">information
, email server, -- variable data -- mainly is located</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">in
this directory </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
boot ( some distros will have )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">contains
about linux kernel config, system map files , some boot</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">loaders
will store information i nthe boot directory, there will</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">also
be info about</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
media </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">(mnt
is like temporary shared mounted partitions ) </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">is
removable media are mounted .. depends on</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">distributions</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">**
opt (optional )</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">sand
box or a testing kind of a base </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">some
distros will install few packages .. </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> <font face="Courier New, monospace"><font size="2">for
extra or additional packages needed later on.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br>
</p>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 22, 2008 at 1:17 PM, Shibu C Varughese <<a href="mailto:shibucv@gmail.com">shibucv@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
hi ... :)<br><br>Linux tutorials for begineers are there at youtube ... which need to be arranged in a good ordered list at some website with embedded links to youtube. This will enable (KGF) get some good idea...before someone goes there and takes the classes. Youtube has very good tutorials.....say -- ubuntu 7.10 installation...etc and so...on<br>
<br>Seeing ... the tutorials multiple time ...will move them close to linux bases OS.<br><br>Let me check if i can create a ordered list of tutorials from 1)Linux History 2) Installatoion to 3) File System introduction, ...etc.<br>
<br>Let's check what other's say...I think we can make better use of what we have on the web.<br><font color="#888888"><br><br>-- <br>Regards,<br><br>Shibu | <a href="http://itmission.org" target="_blank">http://itmission.org</a>
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