[FSF India] Modified letter to the Govt.
Rajkumar S.
fsf-india@gnu.org.in
Fri, 10 Aug 2001 01:54:44 +0530 (IST)
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Hi all,
I have made some modification to Raju's letter. Kindly read them and
send your comments. i have the full letter and attaching a diff
with the old to see the difference.
raj
We, the Free Software, Open Source and Electronic Freedom proponents
in India are deeply distressed to learn about your Government's plans
to base your complete e-governance infrastructure on a single foreign
company's products. The history of Microsoft has shown that it has
very little regard for serving any objectives except its own, which
does not augur well for the future of <state name here> in particular
and our country in general.
We request you to kindly consider the following points before making
this relationship permanent:
1. Security.
Microsoft products have time and again demonstrated a regrettable lack
of basic security features. Recent incidents which have affected a
sizeable portion of Microsoft-based servers and client systems on the
Internet have served to highlight the fact that Microsoft makes
Insecure Products.
The Code Red worm (computer virus) infected millions of servers on the
Internet in June and August 2001 and coordinated them (without their
administrators consent) to simultaneously attack the US White House
web site. The affected servers include that of hotmail.com which is
owned by Microsoft itself. The worm is still alive though dormant and
no one knows exactly where and when it will strike again. Needless to
say, this worm only affects computers running Microsoft's most popular
web server.
The SIRCAM virus which replicates itself using e-mail as the medium
has been deemed such a major threat to computing infrastructure that
Microsoft and the FBI have taken the unprecedented step of releasing
a joint warning notice against it to all computer users in July 2001.
Again, the SIRCAM virus only affects e-mail users who use Microsoft's
products -- all other software is immune to this threat.
These are but two symptoms of the general malaise that Microsoft's
products suffer from. Each time a product is fixed using patches from
Microsoft, new security holes in the product are uncovered, leading to
another wave of infection. In fact, there have been cases of a
problem fix from Microsoft uncovering older (previously-fixed)
problems and making them active again; there are no signs that these
issues will ever be completely resolved.
Note to Raju: Can you give a link to the exact incident?
2. Total cost of ownership (TCO)
The Total Cost of Ownership of Microsoft's products is much higher
than that of other, equivalent, better technologies. Microsoft is
already making moves to make licensing valid for only 3 years, so that
one has to pay them again at the end of 3 years. This will also make
sure that you cannot keep using the old software, but rather be forced
to upgrade. Both hardware and software, as the newer software will not
run on the old hardware, even if you do want to. This will place an
additional burden to cash strapped Govts and more still to schools.
In addition hardware requirements for running Microsoft are
substantially higher than those of competing products from other
sources. In many cases a computer running a competing product will
cost half of and handle ten times the load that a computer
configuration running Microsoft products would.
3. Internal security
Microsoft is a company owned by American citizens, having its base of
operations in the USA and subject to US laws. A clear effect of this
was evidenced in 1999 when it was discovered that some of the security
and cryptography functions built into Microsoft's operating systems
were subject to be used by the US National Security Agency (NSA)
without explicit permission from either Microsoft or the user of the
software.
This is one lone ``feature'' of Microsoft software which came to light
due to the vigilance of a concerned individual. However it is quite
possible (indeed, likely) that there are other ways in which Microsoft
products are designed and constructed to permit illegal access by US
security agencies. As concerned Indians, we would wish to be secure
in the knowledge that the software handling our critical information
about Government and individuals will not permit foreign Governments
to spy upon, or, even worse, arbitrarily modify it without the consent
or knowledge of our elected representatives and the Government
machine.
This problem is going to increase when the Windows XP comes out. All
XP machines will have to be registered online with the Microsoft, and
each machine sends data about itself to MS Hq in US. This will enable
MS to keep track of the machines that are owned by the Govt.
4. Flexibility
India being a unique country it is very likely that we will wish to
adapt the software managing our Government information flows to our
specific requirements from time to time. With Microsoft products it
will not be possible to do this in any sort of time-bound manner, if
it is possible at all. For instance, we may want to create cheap
Intel 486-based computers for members of the bureaucracy which they
can use to access their e-mail. Building such a low-cost computer
with Microsoft software would be impossible since the building blocks
of the software (the ``source code'', which is the blueprint for the
software) is only available with Microsoft. As users, we will not be
able to customise and modify the software to our requirements.
To take another example, Microsoft is subject to US Government rules
which prohibit the export of some forms of strong data encryption and
decryption (scrambling and descrambling) technologies to India except
under special conditions. As long as we are using Microsoft products,
these technologies will not be available to us and we will be forced
to use sub-standard, easily breakable techniques to protect our
critical data.
This is also the case with multi lingual computing. If the Microsoft do
not see enough market potential for the language, They will not bother
to create a version for that language. Since the source code is closed
no one other than Microsoft will be able to add the necessary support.
Perils of Monopoly
The main revenue source of many companies are the corporate and govt
institutions which buys software in large quantities. Business savvy
companies will first give away software in a reduced or in a
subsidized rate. They are doing this in order to entice the clients in
to their net. Buying software is not like buying any other product. It
involves along with lot of money a larger investment in the form of
training and other custom made software. So once the govt decides on
the core OS for the computerization program it cannot change it let us
say after 5 or 10 years.
At this point we will get to see the real face of the software
company. It will then start to act as a typical monopoly since it is
very sure that we do not have any other option other than to succumb
to its commands. It starts to ask for exorbitant prices for the
software upgrades. It will force us to use its other software by
changing the protocols of its servers. Microsoft is particularly
notorious in this regard. They are known to use their monopoly in one
field of computer industry to kill the competition in the other
field. An anti trust case is already going on in this regard in the US
courts and MS was ordered to pay a huge amount of money to Netscape
communications as damages it faced due to the illegal and monopolistic
trade practices of Microsoft.
Adherence to open standards
Internet is used by everybody in the world, using many different
products. For these products to interact Internet community has
produced some standards. With the help of these open standards (ie any
one can get a copy of these stds) any product from any company can
interact with any other product from any other company. This is very
much like the socket and plug. We are having an open standard in this.
Now consider the case of a very big company which makes all electric
accessories and sockets. Its sockets are much cheaper to buy but you
cannot put any other companies instruments in that socket. Would you
buy this socket when you build your home ? No since if you buy this
then forever you are bound to buying equipments from the socket
producing company. This is same situation faced by the Internet
community also.
Microsoft is one of the company which is secretly sabotaging the
openness of the Internet community. See the the Halloween documents at
http://www.opensource.org/halloween. In fact this was evident when
they build the UK government's web site. All other browsers except the
latest Internet Explorer were locked out from the site. See
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/19239.html for more
information.
5. Alternatives
Given these facts, we strongly urge you to consider alternative
technologies and sources for software for mission- and
government-critical functions like State e-governance. The GNU/Linux
operating system (sometimes also called just ``Linux'') suffers from
none of the defects of Microsoft operating systems and applications
detailed above and is already the fastest-growing server operating
system in the world today.
Linux kernel is a completely Free re-implementation of the POSIX
specification, with SYSV and BSD extensions (which means it looks like
Unix, but does not come from the same source code base), which is
available in both source code and binary form. Its copyright is owned
by Linus Torvalds, \url{torvalds@transmeta.com} and other
contributors, and is freely redistributable under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GPL). A copy of the GPL is included with the
GNU/Linux source; you can also get a copy from
\url{ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/COPYING}
5.1 Meaning of FREE software
GNU/Linux is not public domain, nor is it ``shareware''. It is ``free''
software, and you may give away or sell copies, but you must include
the source code or make it available in the same way as any binaries
you give or sell. If you distribute any modifications, you are
legally bound to distribute the source for those modifications. See
the GNU General Public License for details.
GNU/Linux is still free as of version 2.4, and will continue to be free.
Because of the nature of the GPL to which GNU/Linux is subject, it would
be illegal for it to be made not free. Note carefully: the ``free''
part involves access to the source code rather than money; it is
perfectly legal to charge money for distributing GNU/Linux, so long as you
also distribute the source code.
Their are many implications for this free access to the source code.
These do not matter much for an individual but when a government is
using this it assumes serious proportions.
****More needs to come here.****
Some of the features of GNU/Linux which make it a viable and desirable
component of any Government infrastructure are:
- GNU/Linux has not to date been subject to any virus attacks anywhere
near the severity of the worms and virii which are infecting Microsoft
systems on a nearly daily basis.
- The operating system itself and all the applications required to
build a safe, secure and efficient infrastructure are available free
of cost and can even be downloaded from the Internet. The hardware
configuration of systems required to run GNU/Linux is much lower than
that of corresponding systems required to run Microsoft products.
There is no fee at all -- neither one-time nor recurring -- for using
GNU/Linux.
- The source code for the operating system and applications is
available for perusal and modification. Using GNU/Linux, the
Government can be assured that there are they are not at the mercy of
any foreign government which can arm-twist Microsoft into putting
hidden back-doors into their products. The Government can also give
this assurance to the electorate.
- Since the source code (i.e. the building blocks) of GNU/Linux is
Freely available, the Government can, if it so chooses, modify,
extend and customise the software for its specific requirements. For
instance, it is quite feasible to replace existing encryption
techniques in GNU/Linux with those certified by the DRDO, leading to
much better and auditable levels of security. Such enhancements are
not possible with Microsoft software.
- Many national governments have blacklisted Microsoft products and
specifically selected GNU/Linux to host applications managing and
monitoring State and Central functions.
We request you to critically consider any decision to purchase
Microsoft products in the light of the information given above, and to
give serious consideration to using alternative technologies which
have a much lower cost, are more reliable and secure, and can be
easily enhanced to fit in with our national objectives.
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